Modern medicine is increasingly inclined to the parasitic theory of the origin of diseases, and confirms that when living parasites in the human body, the observed regularity in the development of various kinds of disorders. There are more than 300 well-known organisms, leading a parasitic way of life on the surface of the skin and inside a person. All kinds of parasites have different life cycles, mechanisms of parasitism, but unites them one thing — a parasitic diseases cause huge damage to the person.
The classification of the species of parasites in the human body
There is a division on the right and a false parasitism. Cases, when the pest to the parasites of man does not concern damage during accidental ingestion, dating back to the bad. An example serves insects and leech in the nasopharynx or ear of the aisle. Due to the risk of extensive damage, blockage of the airway requiring emergency removal of the pest. Treatment of real parasitism in essence, the treatment depends on the type of pest.
Parasites that live on the surface of the body and the external bodies
Organisms, parasitic on the skin surface — lice, ticks, bedbugs, certain types of flies, mosquitoes. Cause damage to the person bites that are formed in the skin of the skin of the colony, which causes skin lesions. Parasites are a serious threat to the person is entered infection and viruses, such as encephalitis, malaria, typhoid, plague, anthrax.
The easiest
This gentle parasite in humans, consisting of one cell and parasitic in various organs and tissues, causes severe disease, often chronic. The most important include amoeba, giardia, Toxoplasma. The way the penetration of parasites varied, mainly through food and water. Some species cause serious diseases, for example, a certain type of amoeba, living in the water and causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
Helminths
To the group of helminths include species of parasitic worms living in the internal organs of living organisms. Those are quite large, living in the body of parasites can cause significant affection of tissues and organs, and if left untreated, even cause lethal outcome.
Give those kinds of parasites in the body:
- Roundworm, hookworm, there are 1-2 mm (Trichinella) to several tens of cm (roundworm). Some species, such as Ancylostoma, penetrate through the skin.
- Flukes, flat worms, popularly called "happiness", because of the infant on the body. Infection occurs during ingestion of the invasive forms of the parasite, developing in the body of the middleware of the lessor or in the water.
- The biggest helminths, cestodes, more commonly known name — tape worms or apni. They come in more than 10-15 m (bullish tapeworm), and the most representative, tapeworm wide, reaching more than 20 m with Intercooler host and source of infection usually livestock.
Localization, how and where they live parasites
There are several forms of localization. The temporary localization of the meaning stay the parasite in the body in the period of a development cycle. Inpatient form, when parasites in the body lives its whole life cycle, they lay eggs in the human body, and do not require for their maturing middleware host. The transit form of the localization is considered to be the migration period of the parasite in the habitat.
For diagnosis and treatment is important to take into account how shape, so the type of localization. According to the location is divided into 2 basic groups. The first group - the parasitic on the skin of organisms. Parasites inside a person, affecting internal organs, species that can live on the bones, tissues and fluids, form a group of endoparasites, to her belongs the easiest and worming.
The parasites inside and on the human skin
The internal parasites of man are divided into 2 types — the parasites of the tissues and parasites the abdominal organs in relation with the external environment. There are also atypical forms of the disease, when the parasites get into the unusual for its kind of habitat, which makes it difficult to diagnosis and treatment, especially in brain damage.
Parasites that live on the surface of the body and the external bodies have two main ways of parasitism, temporary and permanent. Pests, not dwelling on the skin of living creatures, the power over bites, they are a temporary and dangerous infection. Parasites that live on human skin, violating the integrity of the epithelium, are the cause of skin diseases.
The most found species
To the normal parasites, living on the skin of the skin, belongs to the causative agent of scabies — sarcoptes scabiei, head lice, which cause the lice, and the skin of the tick — pathogen demodectic mange. During the spring and autumn period, with the emergence of Ixodes mites that live in fields and wooded areas. From the simplest, the most common of such kinds of parasites in humans, such as giardia, Toxoplasma, Trichomonas, amoeba, Plasmodium. The common worms include the bull and the pig tapeworm and the largest — broad tapeworm. Among the hookworms are often diagnosed ascaris, pinworms, Trichinella, vlasoglavy. Of the flukes more frequent Fluke of the liver and giant.
Common symptoms of infestation
When the eggs of parasites or adults parasitic organisms get into the body, the incubation period, during which parasitic infections can be asymptomatic. Symptoms of ectoparasites are evident immediately, on the skin appear allergic rashes, wounds, itching. Detect endoparasites harder, parasitic diseases often have symptoms similar to other diseases. The primary symptoms are caused by the action of toxins, they are often perceived as the result of overwork and ignored.
Signal for diagnosis is the emergence of such symptoms:
- an allergic reaction to the waste products of parasites;
- anemia;
- headaches;
- causeless sleep disorders;
- the dyspeptic disorders;
- frequent nausea, pain in the abdomen;
- disorders of the functioning of the digestive system;
- increase in body temperature;
- pain in the liver or enlargement of the authority;
- frequent causeless pain in the joints, muscles;
- no lengthy disease, are not associated with other diagnosed disease.
Diagnosis
Find out ectoparasites in the skin can be used in the visual inspection and microscopic analysis of the tissue. Difficult diagnosis of can severe allergic reactions, secondary infections, that look like a skin disease, not with inventing the origin.
In time find the presence of endoparasites much harder, the list of parasites in the human body exceeds the hundreds of species requires a comprehensive diagnosis, consisting of several of the analyses and procedures:
- general analysis of blood;
- linked immunosorbent assay in the blood;
- study feces;
- CT and ULTRASOUND, allows you to quickly uncover the essential view;
- analysis of duodenal content;
- studies of the secretion of 12-earthy intestine.
Medication and treatment
Treatment of parasitic disease must be comprehensive, is appointed by the attending physician based on laboratory analysis and the individual characteristics of the patient. This is due to the high toxicity of the drug, it is necessary to regular monitoring of the condition of the patient. Self-treatment can have negative consequences, lead to life-threatening complications. If parasites in man localized is not typically, to identify the risks and methods of treatment without an expert impossible.
Therapeutic activities are divided into three stages. The preparation stage is essential for removing toxins from the body, alleviation of acute symptoms and for protection of internal organs from the harmful effects of drugs. In the framework of these objectives prescribe hepatoprotectors, special preparations for cleansing the organism, antibiotics, diet.
The second phase — the destruction of the parasites, begin when the patient's condition stable. Large helminths, as a bullish tapeworm and large pests in the internal tissues, they are often removed surgically. For the duration of the medical course affects the life cycle of an individual, the degree of the lesion.
The third phase is focused on the regeneration of the organism and prevention of reinfection. In cases of lighter forms of the disease fairly simple wellness treatments. Parasitic disease in man and may require longer treatment and recovery, the termination of reception of medicines in the process of therapy tightens the healing process.
Preventive measures
The basis of prevention is the observance of personal hygiene, food processing and clean drinking water, adherence to hygiene standards in the cooking of meat and fish. Caution should be observed when swimming in freshwater tanks, where the parasite a huge amount of dangerous pests. Protection against ectoparasites is the use of high-quality repellents, it is recommended to avoid contact with infested people and articles.
The most dangerous are considered to be pests, occurring in the tropics and warm countries, planning a trip to these places, should be careful about protection against insects. All the parasites that live in our body, pose a threat to the health of, and adherence to preventive measures will prevent a serious parasitic infection.